公元二零零五年 漳泉园筹建委员会敬立 Brief Historical Account of Chiang Chuan Chinese pioneers’ migration from China to Sarawak
To begin, the name Chiang Chuan comes from the combination of the names of two Chinese states in the Fujian Province of China which are known as Zhang Zhou and Quan Zhou.
In South East Asia, the Chiang Chuan clan is also popularly referred to as Hokkien or Min Nan .
Historians pointed out that Chinese migration during such periods were usually due to the turbulent political situation and of natural calamities that resulted in crops failures. These in turn led to a widespread of suffering amongst the Chinese.
The migration of these early Chiang Chuan Chinese to Rejang River Basin can be dated back to the 1850’s when the clansmen seized the opportunity following the establishment of Brooke Government’s Administration in Kanowit.
In 1862, when the Brooke Government’s Administrative Office was moved from Kanowit to Sibu, more Chiang Chuan clansmen move and reside in Sibu.
By 1870, there were approximately 60 shop houses in Sibu, with Chiang Chuan clansmen owning the majority of them.
From a humble beginning of barter trade with the indigenous people, Chiang Chuan clansmen expanded their trading network to the rest of the Rejang Basin. Some even went as far as Kuching and Singapore.
The business network which was established by the early Chiang Chuan clansmen had played an important role in strengthening the economic pillars of Sibu and the central region of Sarawak. This effect could still be felt today.
This Chiang Chuan Garden is built as a mark of respect, a reflection of the pride Chiang Chuan members have for these pioneers besides enriching the cultural heritage of the Rejang River bank.
Milestones in Chiang Chuan Clansmen Progress In the Central Region of Sarawak
1850 circa Chinese immigrants from the states of Zhang Zhou and Quan Zhou settled down along the Rejang River, concentrating mostly in places such as Kanowit, Sarikei, Sibu, Kapit, Song, Belaga, Dalat, Oya, Mukah, Matu Daro, Rajang & Belawai.
1851 With the establishment of Fort Emma in Kanowit, the then Administrative Office for Sarawak’s Central Region, Chiang Chuan clansmen began expanding their business activities confidently because of the security provided by the Fort.
1862 Fort Brooke was built in Sibu. The Fort was regarded as the cornerstone for the birth of Sibu. At the same time Chiang Chuan clansmen began to build up their businesses focusing mainly on trading activities.
18964 Lin Xian Sheng was amongst a group of Chiang Chuan clansmen who settled in Sarikei. He opened up a grocery store and provided the much-needed daily essentials to the people there.
1867 The presence of a ‘Guangdong Fujian Yi Zhong Xiang Ting’ (Hokkien & Cantonese communal cemetery) at Koroto was an indication of the growing number of Chiang Chuan clansmen in Sibu.
1871 Chiang Chuan clan built the first Tua Peh Kong Temple in Sarawak’s Central Region, in Sibu. With the Chiang Chuan clansmen owning majority of the 60 shop houses that could be found in Sibu then.
1879 Eight years after the first Tua Peh Kong Temple was built, the Chiang Chuans completed the second temple in the coastal village of Mukah.
1880 The setting up of Fort Sylvia in Kapit emboldened Chiang Chuan clansmen to further expand their business network to Kapit.
1884 As the White Rajah continued his campaign against the local tribes in his quest to gain total control in Central Sarawak, Fort Vyner was built in Belaga. Chiang Chuan clansmen saw this as an opportunity to expand on their trading activities and began to assert their presence more profoundly in this remote hinterland.
1885 Chiang Chuan clansmen reached the coastal villages of Matu & Daro .
1886 A Chiang Chuan by the name of Zeng Fan was appointed by the White Rajah to be the Headman of the Chinese Community in Matu.
1889 The first Sibu Great Fire broke out and destroyed the town. The then 60 shop houses majority of which were owned by Chiang Chuans were razed to the ground. Chiang Chuans suffered the most serious blow.
1897 The Sibu Tua Peh Kong Temple was rebuilt which replaced the original wooden structure. The reconstruction was well support by the clans.
1898 Chiang Chuan clansmen built the third Tua Peh Kong Temple in Central Sarawak in the coastal town of Dalat and yet another, which is the fourth temple in the hilly and wild frontier town of Kapit, upriver from Sibu. It was also at this time the Chiang Chuans began using the Kapit Communal Cemetery to bury their dead.
1904 Zhang Da Qing brought much honour to the clan when he was appointed the Headman for the Chinese Community in Belaga.
1905 Chiang Chuans were also known to have placed a lot of emphasis on the education of their young ones. In this year they started the Dalat Xun Mong School.
1906 Teo Yan Du was appointed as the Headman of the Chinese Community in Sibu, further asserting the clan’s growing influence in Central Sarawak.
1907 Chiang Chuan clansmen in Sibu began offering private tuition classes at the back of the Tua Peh Kong Temple.
1911 Chiang Chuans began using the Belaga Long Shan Ting Chinese burial ground.
1914 Chiang Chuan clansmen opened Kanowit Yee Ting Primary School, which is still in existence today.
1915 Chiang Chuans built the fifth Tua Peh Kong Temple in Central Sarawak in the coastal town of Daro.
1922 As a further testimony of the Chiang Chuan’s focus on education, the Hock Lam Primary School was opened in Kapit.
1924 Through the effort of Tan Kee Liong, Yang Yun Zhong, Tan Huo Cai and several other Chiang Chuan clansmen, the Chong Boon Primary School in Mukah was opened.
1925 The Sibu Municipal Board, a local authority was instituted. Teo Chong Loh, a clan leader was appointed as one of the authority’s Councillor, representing the Chinese community.
1927 Teo Chong Loh was further appointed as the Headman of the Chinese community, becoming the second ever Chinese headman in Sibu.
1928 A second great fire broke out and razed Sibu again. More than 600 people were made homeless. Teo Chong Loh and his clansmen rose to the occasion and displayed true leadership during such trying times.
1929 As a further means to assist the fire victims from the Second Great Fire of Sibu, Chua Sui Chuan and Chua Sui Choo completed the first housing development project at Lanang Road (around the Long Bridge area) to accommodate the fire victims.
1933 From among the ranks, six Chiang Chuans businessmen namely Toh Swee Choo, Lim Han Swee, Wee Yong Gin, Kang Yee Beng, Tan Chuan Kee and Chua Kee Chang grouped together to form the ‘Liu He Kongsi’ (United Group of Six Company). The main purpose of this Company was to enable the members to exchange information on business, for networking purposes and common grounds to get together. This Company is also regarded as the predecessor of current Chiang Chuan Association Sibu.
1937 The United Group of Six Company evolved into the Chiang Chuan Villa. Toh Swee Choo was its first chairman.
1940 Chinese in Sibu rallied together to form an Anti – Japanese Movement. Teo Chong Loh of Chiang Chuan Villa was elected as the Organising Chairman of the Anti-Japanese Fund Raising Campaign.
1942 Twenty seven Chinese, including four from Chiang Chuan Villa, namely - Teo Chong Loh, Chew Geok Lin, Teo Gee Ban and Kho Cheng Kang were arrested by the Japanese army on suspicions of their anti-Japanese sentiments. However they were released 33 days later.
1952 Chiang Chuan Villa was renamed Chiang Chuan Association Sibu. Chew Geok Lin was elected as the first chairman of the Association.
1953 Chew Geok Lin was selected to represent the Chinese community in Sarawak to attend the Queen Elizabeth the Second’s coronation in England.
1956 The Sibu Chiang Chuan Association’s building at Central Road was officially declared opened.
1975 Chiang Chuans built the sixth Tua Peh Kong Temple in Song.
1979 The seventh Tua Peh Kong Temple was built in Kanowit.
1982 The Sarikei Chiang Chuan Association was formed.
1985 The eighth Tua Peh Kong Temple was built in Bintangor by the clansmen.
1987 It was a year of exciting development with the founding of the Kanowit Min Nan (Chiang Chuan) Association and also in Dalat, Matu, Daro, Song, Mukah and Saratok.
1988 As a means to ensure the continuous improvement of Chiang Chuan members Holdings standing in the society, Chiang Chuan Berhad was formed. This company serves as an avenue for members to pool their resources in the effort to improve their livelihood.
1989 Kapit Chiang Chuan Association was founded.
1991 Kapit Chiang Chuan Association building was officially opened. The Federation of Chiang Chuan Associations of Sarawak was formed to foster closer ties between all Chiang Chuans in the State.
1999 The Sarikei Chiang Chuan Association building was officially opened. It was also the year when the Association officially opened up the clan’s new cemetery in Sarikei.
2004 Construction of the Chiang Chuan Garden commenced.
2005 The Chiang Chuan Garden was officially declared opened marking 150 years of the Chiang Chuan clan’s history in the Central Region of Sarawak.
Today as we celebrate the 150th anniversary of Chiang Chuans landing in Central Region of Sarawak, we pledge to continue this fine and proud tradition of upholding our belief in a just society where men of all races, creeds and religions can and should co-exist in harmony.
News released in Sin Chew Daily on 21.05.2010
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漳泉园碑记
漳泉人徒居拉让江流域， 最早可上溯至一八五零年代， 时拉者王朝于加拿逸置官设治， 吾属人逐步随其后， 以觅商机。
一八六二年后， 政府改置行政中心于诗巫， 漳泉人移入者日众。 迨一八七零年代初， 诗巫商铺已近六十家，多为吾属人所开设。 其时， 漳泉人仰赖与土著互市营生， 于诗巫建立起联系拉让江流域、 古晋及星州之商业网络， 对本区域城镇之开发及贸易发展， 厥功至伟。
迄十九世纪末叶， 漳泉人之足迹， 已遍布拉让江上下游及滨海地区， 成为开疆辟土之先驱； 为本区域今日之繁荣及进步， 奠下良好基础。 先民筚路蓝缕， 艰苦卓绝之拓垦精神， 洵足以垂永世。
为彰显先贤垦拓事功， 增添拉让江文采景胜， 激励后人追本思源， 遂群策群力， 于兹修造亭园， 并勒此碑以志不忘。
公元二零零五年 漳泉园筹建委员会敬立
Brief Historical Account of Chiang Chuan
Chinese pioneers’ migration from China to Sarawak
To begin, the name Chiang Chuan comes from the combination of the names of two Chinese states in the Fujian Province of China which are known as Zhang Zhou and Quan Zhou.
In South East Asia, the Chiang Chuan clan is also popularly referred to as Hokkien or Min Nan .
Historians pointed out that Chinese migration during such periods were usually due to the turbulent political situation and of natural calamities that resulted in crops failures. These in turn led to a widespread of suffering amongst the Chinese.
The migration of these early Chiang Chuan Chinese to Rejang River Basin can be dated back to the 1850’s when the clansmen seized the opportunity following the establishment of Brooke Government’s Administration in Kanowit.
In 1862, when the Brooke Government’s Administrative Office was moved from Kanowit to Sibu, more Chiang Chuan clansmen move and reside in Sibu.
By 1870, there were approximately 60 shop houses in Sibu, with Chiang Chuan clansmen owning the majority of them.
From a humble beginning of barter trade with the indigenous people, Chiang Chuan clansmen expanded their trading network to the rest of the Rejang Basin. Some even went as far as Kuching and Singapore.
The business network which was established by the early Chiang Chuan clansmen had played an important role in strengthening the economic pillars of Sibu and the central region of Sarawak. This effect could still be felt today.
This Chiang Chuan Garden is built as a mark of respect, a reflection of the pride Chiang Chuan members have for these pioneers besides enriching the cultural heritage of the Rejang River bank.
漳泉人开发砂拉越中区史略
1850年前后 漳泉人已開始在拉让江流域定居。
1851年 加拿逸的伊玛堡壘建成。 漳泉人遷居加拿逸。
1862年 诗巫开阜。 布律克古堡建成。 漳泉人遷居当地。
1864年 漳泉人林先慎等来到泗里街定居。
1867年 诗巫哥乐多“广东福建义冢香亭”开始启用。
1871年 诗巫已有60间店屋和一间庙（即大伯公庙）
1879年 沐胶福德祠泰山亭大伯公庙落成。
1880年 加帛絲微雅堡壘建成。 漳泉人遷居加帛。
1884年 汶那牙梵恩纳古堡建成。 已有漳泉人居住在此地。
1885年 漳泉人来到岜都和拉佬。
1886年 拉者政府委任漳泉人曾番为岜都华人侨长。
1889年 诗巫市遭第一次火灾。 60间店屋（大部份为漳泉人拥有）被烧毁。
1897年 诗巫永安亭大伯公庙重建落成。
1898年 拉叻福寿宫大伯公创庙。
加帛福隆亭大伯公庙创庙。
加帛公墓加帛坡公司义冢开始启用
1904年 汶那牙漳泉人张大庆被委为华人侨长。
1905年 拉叻训蒙学校创校。
1906年 漳泉人张烟都被委为诗巫华人侨长。
1907年 诗巫漳泉属同乡在永安亭大伯公庙后殿开办私塾学堂。
1911年 汶那牙华人墓山龙山亭开始启用。
1914年 加拿逸沂亭学校创校。
1915年 拉佬天圣宫大伯公创庙
1922年 加帛福南小学创校。
1924年 沐胶崇文学校在陈起龙、 杨允中、 陈火才等发起倡办。
1925年 诗巫市镇局成立。 漳泉人张宗罗被委为市议员之一。
1927年 漳泉人张宗罗被委为诗巫第二任华人侨长。
1928年 诗巫市遭第二次大火。 六百多人无家可归。 张宗罗等漳泉人给予灾民许多协助。
1929年 漳泉人蔡寿全、 蔡水珠在诗巫南兰律下段完成诗巫第一个房屋发展计划（即长桥一带）， 为灾民解决住宿问题。
1933年 六位漳泉属商人杜瑞珠、 林汉水、 黄雍忍、 江惟明、 陈纯驰、 蔡其川组织诗巫“六合公司”， 为诗巫漳泉公会前身。
1937年 由诗巫“六合公司”发展成为诗巫“漳泉别墅”， 首任主席为杜瑞珠。
1940年 诗巫侨民掀起抗日运动， 诗巫漳泉别墅代表张宗罗被选为筹备会主席。
1942年 张宗罗、 周玉麟、 张义万、 许清江等与其他侨胞共27人被日军逮捕。 监禁33天始释放。
1952年 诗巫“漳泉别墅”改名为诗巫“漳泉公会”， 首任主席为周玉麟。
1953年 诗巫漳泉公会主席周玉麟代表全砂华人赴英国参加英女皇加冕。
1956年 诗巫漳泉公会大厦落成。
1975年 桑坡康宁亭大伯公庙创庙。
1979年 加拿逸福安亭大伯公庙创庙。
1982年 泗里街漳泉公会成立。
1985年 民丹莪平安亭大伯公创庙。
1987年 加拿逸闽南同乡会成立。
拉叻漳泉公会成立。
合都漳泉公会成立。
拉老漳泉公会成立。
桑漳泉公会成立。
沐胶漳泉公会成立。
砂拉卓漳泉公会成立。
1988年 漳泉控股有限公司成立。
1989年 加帛漳泉公会成立。
1991年 加帛漳泉公会会所落成。
砂拉越漳泉社团联合总会成立。
1999年 泗里街漳泉公会会所落成。
泗里街漳泉属新墓園开始启用。
2004年 拉让江漳泉园开始兴建。
2005年 拉让江漳泉园建筑落成。
Milestones in Chiang Chuan Clansmen Progress In the Central Region of Sarawak
1850 circa
Chinese immigrants from the states of Zhang Zhou and Quan Zhou settled down along the Rejang River, concentrating mostly in places such as Kanowit, Sarikei, Sibu, Kapit, Song, Belaga, Dalat, Oya, Mukah, Matu Daro, Rajang & Belawai.
1851
With the establishment of Fort Emma in Kanowit, the then Administrative Office for Sarawak’s Central Region, Chiang Chuan clansmen began expanding their business activities confidently because of the security provided by the Fort.
1862
Fort Brooke was built in Sibu. The Fort was regarded as the cornerstone for the birth of Sibu. At the same time Chiang Chuan clansmen began to build up their businesses focusing mainly on trading activities.
18964
Lin Xian Sheng was amongst a group of Chiang Chuan clansmen who settled in Sarikei. He opened up a grocery store and provided the much-needed daily essentials to the people there.
1867
The presence of a ‘Guangdong Fujian Yi Zhong Xiang Ting’ (Hokkien & Cantonese communal cemetery) at Koroto was an indication of the growing number of Chiang Chuan clansmen in Sibu.
1871
Chiang Chuan clan built the first Tua Peh Kong Temple in Sarawak’s Central Region, in Sibu.
With the Chiang Chuan clansmen owning majority of the 60 shop houses that could be found in Sibu then.
1879
Eight years after the first Tua Peh Kong Temple was built, the Chiang Chuans completed the second temple in the coastal village of Mukah.
1880
The setting up of Fort Sylvia in Kapit emboldened Chiang Chuan clansmen to further expand their business network to Kapit.
1884
As the White Rajah continued his campaign against the local tribes in his quest to gain total control in Central Sarawak, Fort Vyner was built in Belaga. Chiang Chuan clansmen saw this as an opportunity to expand on their trading activities and began to assert their presence more profoundly in this remote hinterland.
1885
Chiang Chuan clansmen reached the coastal villages of Matu & Daro .
1886
A Chiang Chuan by the name of Zeng Fan was appointed by the White Rajah to be the Headman of the Chinese Community in Matu.
1889
The first Sibu Great Fire broke out and destroyed the town. The then 60 shop houses majority of which were owned by Chiang Chuans were razed to the ground. Chiang Chuans suffered the most serious blow.
1897
The Sibu Tua Peh Kong Temple was rebuilt which replaced the original wooden structure. The reconstruction was well support by the clans.
1898
Chiang Chuan clansmen built the third Tua Peh Kong Temple in Central Sarawak in the coastal town of Dalat and yet another, which is the fourth temple in the hilly and wild frontier town of Kapit, upriver from Sibu.
It was also at this time the Chiang Chuans began using the Kapit Communal Cemetery to bury their dead.
1904
Zhang Da Qing brought much honour to the clan when he was appointed the Headman for the Chinese Community in Belaga.
1905
Chiang Chuans were also known to have placed a lot of emphasis on the education of their young ones. In this year they started the Dalat Xun Mong School.
1906
Teo Yan Du was appointed as the Headman of the Chinese Community in Sibu, further asserting the clan’s growing influence in Central Sarawak.
1907
Chiang Chuan clansmen in Sibu began offering private tuition classes at the back of the Tua Peh Kong Temple.
1911
Chiang Chuans began using the Belaga Long Shan Ting Chinese burial ground.
1914
Chiang Chuan clansmen opened Kanowit Yee Ting Primary School, which is still in existence today.
1915
Chiang Chuans built the fifth Tua Peh Kong Temple in Central Sarawak in the coastal town of Daro.
1922
As a further testimony of the Chiang Chuan’s focus on education, the Hock Lam Primary School was opened in Kapit.
1924
Through the effort of Tan Kee Liong, Yang Yun Zhong, Tan Huo Cai and several other Chiang Chuan clansmen, the Chong Boon Primary School in Mukah was opened.
1925
The Sibu Municipal Board, a local authority was instituted. Teo Chong Loh, a clan leader was appointed as one of the authority’s Councillor, representing the Chinese community.
1927
Teo Chong Loh was further appointed as the Headman of the Chinese community, becoming the second ever Chinese headman in Sibu.
1928
A second great fire broke out and razed Sibu again. More than 600 people were made homeless. Teo Chong Loh and his clansmen rose to the occasion and displayed true leadership during such trying times.
1929
As a further means to assist the fire victims from the Second Great Fire of Sibu, Chua Sui Chuan and Chua Sui Choo completed the first housing development project at Lanang Road (around the Long Bridge area) to accommodate the fire victims.
1933
From among the ranks, six Chiang Chuans businessmen namely Toh Swee Choo, Lim Han Swee, Wee Yong Gin, Kang Yee Beng, Tan Chuan Kee and Chua Kee Chang grouped together to form the ‘Liu He Kongsi’ (United Group of Six Company). The main purpose of this Company was to enable the members to exchange information on business, for networking purposes and common grounds to get together. This Company is also regarded as the predecessor of current Chiang Chuan Association Sibu.
1937
The United Group of Six Company evolved into the Chiang Chuan Villa. Toh Swee Choo was its first chairman.
1940
Chinese in Sibu rallied together to form an Anti – Japanese Movement. Teo Chong Loh of Chiang Chuan Villa was elected as the Organising Chairman of the Anti-Japanese Fund Raising Campaign.
1942
Twenty seven Chinese, including four from Chiang Chuan Villa, namely - Teo Chong Loh, Chew Geok Lin, Teo Gee Ban and Kho Cheng Kang were arrested by the Japanese army on suspicions of their anti-Japanese sentiments. However they were released 33 days later.
1952
Chiang Chuan Villa was renamed Chiang Chuan Association Sibu. Chew Geok Lin was elected as the first chairman of the Association.
1953
Chew Geok Lin was selected to represent the Chinese community in Sarawak to attend the Queen Elizabeth the Second’s coronation in England.
1956
The Sibu Chiang Chuan Association’s building at Central Road was officially declared opened.
1975
Chiang Chuans built the sixth Tua Peh Kong Temple in Song.
1979
The seventh Tua Peh Kong Temple was built in Kanowit.
1982
The Sarikei Chiang Chuan Association was formed.
1985
The eighth Tua Peh Kong Temple was built in Bintangor by the clansmen.
1987
It was a year of exciting development with the founding of the Kanowit Min Nan (Chiang Chuan) Association and also in Dalat, Matu, Daro, Song, Mukah and Saratok.
1988
As a means to ensure the continuous improvement of Chiang Chuan members Holdings standing in the society, Chiang Chuan Berhad was formed. This company serves as an avenue for members to pool their resources in the effort to improve their livelihood.
1989
Kapit Chiang Chuan Association was founded.
1991
Kapit Chiang Chuan Association building was officially opened.
The Federation of Chiang Chuan Associations of Sarawak was formed to foster closer ties between all Chiang Chuans in the State.
1999
The Sarikei Chiang Chuan Association building was officially opened.
It was also the year when the Association officially opened up the clan’s new cemetery in Sarikei.
2004
Construction of the Chiang Chuan Garden commenced.
2005
The Chiang Chuan Garden was officially declared opened marking 150 years of the Chiang Chuan clan’s history in the Central Region of Sarawak.
Today as we celebrate the 150th anniversary of Chiang Chuans landing in Central Region of Sarawak, we pledge to continue this fine and proud tradition of upholding our belief in a just society where men of all races, creeds and religions can and should co-exist in harmony.
漳泉先贤开拓拉让江流域回顾录
资料整理：蔡天成 杨宋教 吴思贤 沈董妃
前言：
十九世纪初期,中国饱受了鸦片战争的祸害,清朝的丧权辱国及被八国联军瓜分,日本的侵掠及第二次世界大战,十年内战等等,先贤们活在动乱,民不聊生,也没有民族尊严的日子里,被迫离乡背井，远涉他方向海外寻求发展来到了拉让江流域。
拉让江乡镇地理概况
拉让江是砂拉越最长的河流,也是马来西亚的第一大河。全长三百五十英里。从拉让江江口逆流而上,在江口附近,就是丹章马尼(TANJONG MANIS)商港.距离江口四英里的地方是拉让镇。从这里逆江而上,在二十四英里处,就是泗里街(SARIKEI)。从泗里街往上游走十一英里,便到达民丹莪(BINTANGOR)。由拉让江口到诗巫市(SIBU),要走上六十五英里的水程。加拿逸(KANOWIT)是在诗巫上流三十二英里处,它是拉让江畔历史最悠久的市镇.再往上游走三十英里，就是桑坡(SONG)。由诗巫到加帛(KAPIT),全程八十英里,加帛是拉让江上游最大的市镇。
迁徙
在1880年，拉者查尔士.布律克依照他在宪报上所开出来的条件而安排了五百名华人到拉让江下游从事垦殖。这些华人,后来有的移居到诗巫，甚至到布拉威 、岜都、达罗、万年烟、达叻等拉让江下游的市镇，其中以诏安人(漳泉人)为众。
不过,华族移居拉让江流域的历史,却要比这个年代早三十年到四十年.据说在1840年代,即有好几家闽南漳泉人从中国坐帆船来到加拿逸并在这里搭建亚答屋子,定居下来,而形成村落。后来聚居人数渐多,而发展成商业市镇.穿行新加坡的船只也定期来到加拿逸,运来大批日用必需品,然后收购土产满载而去.
加拿逸能够成为拉让江流域的第一个商业市镇,主要的原因,是由于它位于拉让江和加拿逸河的汇流处.这里是以前交通便利,居民众多,贸易发达的地方.1851年,砂拉越政府在加拿逸建造了恩玛堡垒(Fort Emma),这座堡垒的历史,可以作为加拿逸当时在发展上地位重要的佐证.
诗巫的布律克堡垒（Fort Brooke）于1863年建造，地点是在今天诗巫市拉让海港局之江畔。这是江湾丹绒马林(Tanjong Maling),岛上的乡镇也称马林。这时侯，诗巫市的现址由于地位的优越而迅速地发展起来。因为它靠近马林，所以，以前人们也把这个新兴的市镇叫做马林。
依据1871年1月24日出版的砂拉越宪报的报导，当时的诗巫人，已经有60间木板店屋，大部份为闽南漳泉属所拥有。在这里从事商业活动的华人数目也以百计。到了1873年6月1日，拉让江流域正式设省，诗巫成为省会，使到诗巫的发展更加迅速。到了1887年，在诗巫的政府和华人的共同努力下，建造成一排60间的盐木店屋，地点是在今天的海唇街(Channel Road).有规划的诗巫巴刹，也就是从这时开始。
华族在十九世纪中叶以后，大批移居到砂拉越来.其时国家日趋安定,社会日见和平。更由于白人拉者鼓励和安排华族到来从事农、商各业,以发展砂拉越的经济。
商业
在1920年代至1930年代期间，土产价格上扬,垦场的成就令人向往,使到更多的华人移居到拉让江流域来,这也包括闽南人.他们对于今天拉让江流域的繁荣与进步,都作出了贡献.他们的活动,主要是商业,亦商亦农也有.华族和土著之间的贸易,是以物物交换为主.当时,土著喜爱珍藏银币,以充作装饰品,这使到货币的应用机会更少,这些都是促成物物交换的重要因素.
在1950年代以前,诗巫、加拿逸和加帛等市镇的商业,主要是操在闽南人的手里.华达银行、船运业、大商行、和出入口生意等,都由闽南人经营.张烟都、张宗罗和周玉麟等,都是远近闻名,备受各族人仕尊敬的闽南籍大商人.
漳泉属人士在周平清律师等的积极推动下，于公元1988年正式成立“漳泉股份有限公司”。其最大目的是要在漳泉属人士，孕育合资的观念和精神，并培养和发掘有远见，同时拥有管理企业知识和经验的人才。
宗教及节庆
漳泉先贤在中国多信奉土地公，现称为大伯公。先贤们在来到拉让江流域时，到处都是一片原始森林，人地生疏，无依无靠，只得求神明保佑，因而设立大伯公庙。诗巫的大伯公庙是当地华人宗教活动的中心.据说在1871年前,诗巫的江边就已经有一间盐木建造的神庙.这应该是今天大伯公庙的前身.
1897年,诗巫闽南人商家由中国厦门迎来大伯公塑像并重建大伯公庙,方成一完整庙宇形式.
同样的，漳泉先贤在拉让江流域其他地方也陆续设立大伯公庙宇，以寻求精神上的寄托和依靠。
于公元1879年，沐胶泰山亭福德祠庙创立；公元1898年，拉叻福寿宫大伯公庙及加帛福隆亭大伯公庙创立；公元1915年，拉佬天圣宫大伯公庙创立；公元1931年，岜都福石亭天圣宫大伯公庙创立；公元1975年，桑坡康宁亭大伯公庙创立；公元1979年，加拿逸福安亭大伯公庙创立；及公元1985年，民丹莪平安亭大伯公庙创立。
先贤们来到拉让江流域，也把中国的华族传统文化与节庆带到新居地，一来以解思乡之苦，二来表示不忘祖国的根源，不忘本精神，代代相传。其中最为普遍的节日包括：每年农历年三十日庆祝除夕，家人团聚围桌享用团圆饭；农历正月初一，家家户户相互拜年，祝贺新年的来临；农历正月初九庆祝玉帝诞辰，又称天公诞辰;农历正月十五日元宵节的闹元宵;农历四月五日的清明节，华人子孙都到祖墓扫墓，拜祭，表示不忘先祖，怀念祖宗的深情;端午节又称端阳节，是在每年的农历五月初五;农历七月十五日乡贤们庆祝中元节，又称盂兰节,在这一天，人人设案焚香，奠祭亡魂，孤魂饿鬼，以表示追悼之意，并积善行德。农历八月十五是华人传统的中秋佳节，中秋之夜，皓月临空，千家万户于庭院对月设下香案，向月朝拜，祭拜完毕，家人围坐，一边分享供品，一边闲话，中秋时月令人托怀思亲之情；公历十二月廿二日，家家户户忙着搓汤圆庆冬至，为一年的最后一个节庆。
灾难
1889年2月10日的晚上,诗巫发生了第一次大火灾.这次火灾把一个刚建起来的市场夷为平地,使诗巫的发展受到一次重大的打击.1887年才完成的一排店屋,由于结构坚固,无法拉开以阻止火势蔓延,结果全遭焚如.经过这场火灾,商人都希望将来能够建造砖屋,但是,大火之后,财物尽失,大家只好因陋就简,仍旧盖搭木材店屋,以应急需。
1928年诗巫发生第二次大火，全市化为焦土，而大伯公庙巍然独存，一般善男信女及市民们皆认为这事并非偶然。
1942年，日本南侵，诗巫沦陷。1945年联军反攻，轰炸诗巫市，全市均损害不堪，大伯公庙也被炸为平地，唯独神像全身保存无损，这更增了善男信女们对大伯公神明的信心。
抗日赈济
1937年7月7日,中国抗战爆发, 拉让江流域的华族社会也像其他地区的华人一样,积极展开抗日救亡的工作.诗巫的华社在侨长张宗罗等社会领袖领导下,成立筹赈会,筹募款项,捐献衣物,以赈济中国的战争难民,同时展开各种宣传活动,号召全体华侨抗日。
1940年，南洋各地的华侨纷纷组织起来，响应祖国宣传抗战运动。当年10月中，中国代表马天英、马达五及吴建勋三人来到诗巫，向这里的侨胞解说中国要抗战的道理，并向侨胞劝捐资助中国抗日。诗巫各社团均有派代表欢迎中国代表团。张宗罗代表漳泉别墅，并被推选为欢迎会主席。后来，成立「诗巫筹账会」，本属也有多位会员积极参加。1942年初，日军占领诗巫市。当年8月15日，日军按名单逮捕本地抗日人士二十七人，其中包括我属张宗罗、周玉麟、张义万、许清江等被监禁三十二天后始被释放。漳泉别墅也就在日军占领诗巫期间停止一切活动。
教育
诗巫的大伯公庙从20世纪初到现在,一直在教育方面扮演着重要的角色.1907年开始,诗巫的闽南籍人仕便在庙后的云湖庵开办私塾学堂.1916年，当时侨长闽南人张烟都老先生便带头联络当地同侨，创办第一间华侨公立学校，命名为“明德国民学堂”.1918年,它和闽南人张良弼开办的“南强学校”合并而创办了“华侨公立中华学校”,奠定了今天诗巫中华中学和中华小学的基础.
1928年中华学校旧校舍被大火烧毁，临时校址改在爱莲街三层楼砖屋。当时，第二任侨长闽南人张宗罗趁此时刻召集华裔讨论校舍问题，即席决定向当地政府申请一块地段作为永久校址，便是在现今的“中华小学”地点。
1956年张宗罗将其在南兰律上段一块三依甲地段献给中华学校，即今日“中华中学”之校址，做为筹建中华校舍之用，为日后中小学分开做好基础。中华中学校舍终于在1964年落成，8月，中学迁入新校舍。闽南人周玉麟先生又捐巨款充实学校之设备，因此该校建立一座“周玉麟礼堂”以表彰周先生之功绩。
除了诗巫以外，漳泉先贤也在各地对发展华族母语教育扮演着重要的角色，创立学堂，如：1905年，达叻漳泉同乡筹建私塾其名称为拉叻“训蒙学校”暨成立慈善社，奠定了今天拉叻“振华小学”的基础。在1911年，加拿逸漳泉人随着生活安定，人口增长，为了下一代前途设想，先辈林水笔、水砚诸乡贤乃征得白人拉者政府的赞助，就在靠近水湾头即今福安亭庙旁一间当局的关卡处二楼，开办私塾式的“沂亭学堂”。后来，于公元1914年因新潮流所致，私塾则改为现代学制的“沂亭学校”。
于公元1922年 ，加帛漳泉先贤黄亚带捐献校地以创办加帛“福南小学”。于公元1924年沐胶崇文学校由陈起龙、 杨允中、 陈火才诸乡贤发起倡办。于公元1940年桑坡兴华小学由梁长琛、许春来、蔡炳川、周国贤、曾建置、曾元得、卓孝评诸乡贤发起倡办。
政治及社会工作
从二十年代白色拉者时期，到英殖民地时代，一直到今天独立时代，曾有多位拉让江流域漳泉属先贤挺身而出，或参加竞选，或受委为各级议员、天猛公、邦曼查、本固鲁、甲必丹、婚姻注册官等，为地方、社会及国家的发展作出他们的贡献。由早期公元1886年，拉者政府委任漳泉先贤曾番为岜都华人侨长。公元1904年，汶那牙漳泉先贤张大庆被委为华人侨长。公元1906年，漳泉先贤张烟都被委为诗巫第一任华人侨长。公元1927年，漳泉先贤张宗罗被委为诗巫第二任华人侨长。公元1957年漳泉先贤周玉麟被委为诗巫第三任华人侨长。
至后期在拉让江流域最为显著之我属政治工作者为：诗巫区国会议员黄和顺(1974-1978)、诗巫区州立法议员周金芬(1970-1979)、民那丹州立法议员张兆仁(1970-1983)、现任砂州房屋部兼环境及公共卫生部助理部长孙春德医生、；砂州首席部长署兼工业发展部助理部长孙伟轩及英吉利里州立法议员卓恒山。
各地漳泉公会的成立
我属人士跋涉重洋，谋生他乡，为了联系乡谊，团结互助，促进公益事业，共谋同乡福利而纷纷成立地缘性民间组织。
于公元1933年，六位漳泉属商人杜瑞珠、 林汉水、 黄雍忍、 江惟明、 陈纯驰、 蔡其川组织诗巫“六合公司”,为诗巫漳泉公会前身；公元1937年，由诗巫“六合公司”发展成为诗巫“漳泉别墅”， 首任主席为杜瑞珠；公元1952年诗巫“漳泉别墅”改名为诗巫“漳泉公会”， 首任主席为周玉麟；公元1956年位于诗巫中街38－40号之诗巫漳泉公会大厦落成。
公元1982年，泗里街漳泉公会成立；公元1987年，加拿逸闽南同乡会、拉叻漳泉公会、岜都漳泉公会、拉老漳泉公会、桑坡漳泉公会、沐胶漳泉公会及砂拉卓漳泉公会成立；公元1989年加帛漳泉公会成立。
为了凝聚各地漳泉属公会的力量以便为同乡谋求福利，团结同乡而后达致“漳泉一家亲”的精神，在诗巫漳泉公会前任主席周平清乡长的带领之下，砂拉越漳泉社团联合总会终於于公元1991年成立。
结语
拉让江流域的发展史就像拉让江这条长河一样，它经历了漫长的岁月，流过了大片山河，最后汇流奔向大海。历史永远是历史，事实终究是事实，我们不必为先人的行为粉饰，也不必为他们的遭遇耿耿于怀，因为他们是生活在那样的历史环境里，和处在那种的社会条件之下。但是，我们应该为今天的成就而自豪，因为这是经历一番艰辛创造的成果。当然，我们也必须要永远保持着前瞻的态度，继续努力寻求更大的进步和发展。
历史资料及图片摘自：
－诗巫旧影像
－诗巫华族史料集
－诗巫漳泉公会金禧纪念特刊
－诗巫永安亭大伯公庙重建百年纪念特刊
－砂拉越华人古迹
－砂拉越乡镇华人先驱
－砂拉越拉让江流域发展史
－马来西亚福建人兴学办教史料集
詩巫漳泉公會史略
●名稱的由來●
漳泉公會之名是以中國福建省的漳州和泉州縣而取。先賢當年把來自福建省（簡稱閩）南部十多個屬於漳州和泉州管轄之內之縣的同鄉組織起來，稱之為漳泉公會，而來自以上地方的人就稱為“閩南人”。
漳泉府管轄的七縣包括龍溪縣、漳浦縣、海澄縣、南靖縣、長泰縣、平和縣及詔安縣。至於泉州府則管轄晉江縣、南安縣、惠安縣、同安縣（包括金門及思明縣）及安溪縣。
●六合公司及漳泉別墅●
早在1889年，詩巫約有一百多名華人，並以閩南人居多，靠經營土著生意為生。1933年，六個我屬傑出的土產出口商，包括源美成號東杜瑞珠、林美南號東林漢水、長成棧經理黃雍忍、江惟明號東江惟明、同福號東陳純馳及同昌經理蔡其川聯合組織“六合公司”，並租借愛蓮街九號，即是當時俗稱為三層樓的其中一層樓，作為交換土產行情、商討生意上的問題及平日消遣之處。
1937年，六人發起組織漳泉別墅，並招收新會員。首任主席為杜瑞珠。
●參加抗日活動●
1940年，南洋各地的華僑組織起來參加抗日活動。同年十月，各社團聯合籌辦歡迎會，迎接前來宣傳中國抗日目的及向僑胞募捐經費的三名代表。歡迎會的主席由來自我會的張宗羅擔任。這之後，本屬多名會員也積極參加“詩巫籌賬會”。
然而到了1942年初，詩巫市遭日軍占領，同年8月15日，包括我屬的張宗羅、周玉麟、張義萬及許清江等在內的32人被扣，32天後始被釋放。
●戰後恢復組織●
漳泉別墅在日軍占領期間停止活動。日軍在1945年投降及詩巫光復後，經過同鄉的一番努力，漳泉別墅終在1950年8月恢復組織，另租借馬克律52號二樓為會所及廣招會員。在外地同鄉要求下，漳泉別墅也租下會所三樓，方便上下港的會員同鄉寄宿。復會後的首屆執委以主席許清江為首。
●复會後的第一次會員大會●
復會後，漳泉別墅在1951年2月4日召開首次會員大會。會議通過修改章程，即舊會員只需重新登記，不必繳費，而新會員則要按手續申請，並在批准後繳納入會基金。
1952年12月13日，復會後的第二次會員大會通過改名為漳泉公會，並廣招本外坡的本屬人士入會，壯大組織。大會也議決重建漳泉寄宿舍，惠及貧苦同鄉。
值得一提的是，本會顧問周玉麟毅然捐出位於武吉利麻，占地五依甲的土地，充作本屬人士的義山。
公會改名後，首屆主席由周玉麟擔任。
●參加英女皇加冕典禮●
1953年6月英女皇伊麗沙比二世在英國首都倫敦舉行加冕禮，作為英國殖民地之一的砂拉越，本會時任主席周玉麟榮幸代表砂拉越華族赴會，顯見本會的地位受到砂拉越政府的肯定。
●籌建漳泉公會●
1953年6月27日，公會執委議決籌建漳泉大廈，盡管經濟基礎薄弱，但為奠定公會永久基業，先賢們憑著眾志一心的精神，不畏困難，再加上會員及海內外同屬人士的慷慨資助，堂皇壯麗的漳泉大廈終於矗立在詩巫市的中街。
1956年11月10日，漳泉大廈落成典禮獲得第三省省長石奧氏躬親臨剪綵，並獲得高官顯要逾百人出席見証，盛況空前。
●選舉詩巫僑長●
在白色拉惹及殖民者時代，詩巫市之僑長一職皆由本屬人士出任，包括張煙都及張宗羅。張宗羅逝世後，英政府即致函本會，要求另推荐人選呈予總督批准。經過會員的集體投票，周玉麟眾望所歸，並於1957年年底正式獲總督委任為僑長。
●會員子女獎勵金●
本著為會員謀福利的宗旨，公會於1967年11月3日的執委會通過設立會員子女獎勵金。經過擬定細則及成立負責小組，公會於1969年開始頒發獎勵金，之後每年皆進行。
●購買新墓園●
有鑑於公會位於武吉利麻的墓園已不敷應用，公會執委多年來即把尋找新墓園列為緊急任務，經過多年的籌劃，公會在1975年的執委會議上宣佈成立5人特別小組，負責購買新墓園事宜。
在小組成員的奔波努力下，執委會決定購買石山本古魯宗地及林恩典共三伊甲多，價值六萬多元的土地，充作新墓園。新墓園於1981年10月19日進行簡單不失隆重的祭山儀式後，正式啟用。
●十二層樓鋼骨水泥新宿舍●
俗稱“公司厝”的漳泉寄宿舍，是為有需要的同鄉在辦理喪事時提供便利。因位於南蘭律下段，拉讓江下段的高腳木屋式宿舍已殘舊不堪，加上附近他屬的“公司厝”已先後移走並改建為工業店，執委會決定把原有的土地改為興建工業店，另覓其他地點建設“公司厝”。
時任主席周自新，法律顧問兼執委周平清、周平輝及宗親周平煌昆仲熱心愛護公會，1977年5月慷慨捐獻位於武吉里麻的一塊地段，做為建築宿舍之用。公會為表謝意，決定以周氏兄弟令堂的名字張瓊花，為公會議事廳命名。兩層樓式之鋼骨水泥寄宿舍於1982年12月19日告落成。
●重新擬定章程，促進會務蓬勃發展●
因公會部分章程內容已不符合形勢，新章程草擬於1983年2月20日提出，經會員通過及注冊官批准後，執委會人數雖同樣保持21人，唯增加文教組、福利組及青年組。
負責推動文化事業的文教組，除負責每年頒發獎勵金的事宜，亦執行兩項有意義的活動，包括於1985年3月開始出版小型會內報紙之“漳泉之聲“。涵蓋三語的“漳泉之聲”為非賣品，內容報導公會領導層的談話、會務活動報告及會員意見等。
另外，文教組也曾開辦小學英、巫文補習班，聘請優秀教師執教，協助華小學生在進入中學後，英、巫文程度能盡早跟上其他源流的學生。
青年組的成立是公會的生力軍，在組員的落力推動和努力下，舉辦多項健康活動，如歌唱比賽、組團到外地旅行及參與本地其他團體主辦的有意義活動。
在福利組方面，為發揚會員之間互相關心及幫助的友愛精神，福利組於1986年3月成立互助股，除為家有喪事的會員提供互助金，也購置棺蓋、雨傘，另成立中樂隊參與送殯。
至於婦女組是於1988年3月成立，為同鄉婦女主辦諸如烹飪、健身操及講座會等活動，成為公會重要的輔翼。
與此同時，公會為了讓年逾55歲，擁有豐富人生和工作經驗的同鄉為繼續為鄉親提供服務，於1989年成立松齡組。過去以來，松齡組主辦多項醫藥講座會，也開辦書法班，逢春節為會員寫春聯及名字冠頂對聯，以籌足教育基金，深獲讚許。
值得一提的是，公會於1990年成立漳泉控股有限公司，集合同鄉的資金進軍工商業。在同鄉支持下，除在詩巫市中心購置一間店屋，也於南蘭律創設漳泉油站，業務蒸蒸日上。
公會也設有由孫春德及孫春貴協助裝修的孫文明圖書館，自1987年開幕後，藏書量日益豐富，獲得不少人前往借閱，反應良好。
為裁培同鄉子弟，以期日後為國及社會貢獻，公會也設立三項供家境貧寒且品學兼優的子弟申請的貸學金，即漳泉公會貸學金、黃有用貸學金及蔡瑪麗貸學金，以便進入大學深造。每年公會以貸款形式協助六到十二名學生。
●五十周年慶祝典禮●
1987年公會大事慶祝成立五十周年，以主席朱長木為首的籌備會先後主辦漳泉之夜文娛晚會、五十周年紀念慶典兼漳泉禮堂、蔡厚德會議廳、孫文明圖書館開幕禮及金禧晚宴兼敬老會。另出版圖文並茂的紀念特刊，介紹公會歷史及本屬傑出的社會領袖。
●結語●
走過70年，公會也經過不平凡的奮斗歷程，會員從最初的廿餘人增加至今天的數千人，也紮下穩固的根基，這一切應歸於老中青的緊密團結及配合。相信在全體會員的齊心合力下，秉持著先賢的崇高精神，公會必然有更璀璨的明天。
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